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Hiking is a wonderful way to embrace nature, enjoyed by millions across the US. Statista reports that over 60 million people hiked at least once in 2023 alone. That’s the highest number since they began tracking in 2010, and a nearly 90% increase.

When we hit the trail, we’re prepared for all the obvious risks: a twisted ankle, a sudden storm, maybe even an animal encounter. We trust our gear to protect us. But what if that very gear carried some hidden dangers? Turns out it’s not as far-fetched as it might seem.

This blog post explores the less obvious threats to your well-being, hiding in your hiking essentials.

Understanding What’s in Your Outdoor Gear

You likely prioritize immediate dangers when hiking. However, some risks are less apparent. These are often found in your gear materials. The manufacturing processes also have some. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a major concern. These “forever chemicals” make gear waterproof and stain-resistant.

These chemicals earned their nickname because they don’t break down in the environment or the human body. PFAS exposure can cause cancer, liver damage, immune system problems, and developmental issues, among countless other issues. A recent University at Buffalo study proves these chemicals can alter gene structure. They can breach the blood-brain junction and settle in brain tissue.

Researchers tested six PFAS compounds and found they persistently disrupt 11 genes. These genes manage processes critical to neuronal function and development. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a staple in non-stick vessels, can disrupt nearly 600 genes. In comparison, no other sample crossed the 147-gene mark.

Another study featured in Environmental Research proves this theory. It surveyed over 80 mother-child pairs from pregnancy until the children reached age six. Researchers found that PFAS exposure during pregnancy alters white matter in the baby’s brain.

White matter helps babies learn and process information. As a matter of fact, it can influence cerebral growth even more than gray matter.

Dangers of Waterproof Clothing

That rain jacket keeping you dry might harbor toxic secrets. Studies reveal over 70% of stain- or water-resistant products contain PFAS. This included raincoats and winter jackets, hiking trousers, mattress toppers, comforters, towels, and table coverings.

75% of the items contained PFAS, of which 13 were jackets. Worse, 8 products tested positive for older PFAS, which are forbidden in Europe and were switched out by prominent U.S. producers. Similarly, 6 in 7 water- or stain-resistant goods had discernible PFAS levels.

Just as the AFFF lawsuit navy cases exposed how firefighting foam chemicals damaged health and water supplies, similar concerns exist about hiking gear treatments. The compounds keeping you dry on trails could remain in your body and the environment for years, causing irreversible damage to your health.

For instance, firefighters are exposed to PFAS via their gear and the Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) used to extinguish liquid fires. According to TruLaw, this exposure is responsible for an increased cancer risk. Over 70% of firefighters develop and succumb to occupational cancer.

Backpacks and Other Outdoor Gear Aren’t Safe Either

PFAS isn’t limited to clothing. Your backpack, walking shoes, fleece, tent, and sleeping bag might contain these chemicals, too. These chemicals can penetrate your skin during long hikes, especially when your feet sweat.

The Guardian reveals that over 8 in 10 companies use PFAS in outdoor products. Worse, about 50% of these brands had no phase-out action plan for PFAS. Even supposedly “green” brands use these chemicals. Yahoo News reports that W.L. Gore and Associates, Gore-Tex’s manufacturer, is facing a class action lawsuit for “greenwashing” its products.

The case was filed in February 2025 in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Washington. Despite the brand’s sustainable claims, the lawsuit claims that Gore-Tex used PFAS in its waterproof jackets, shoes, clothing, and other products.

Choosing Safer Outdoor Essentials

You can still enjoy the outdoors with safer gear choices:

• Look for “PFAS-free” labels from trusted brands
• Check the Environmental Working Group’s PFAS-free product list
• Choose natural materials like untreated wool, which provides natural water resistance
• Support brands with transparent chemical policies

Several companies are actively working to eliminate PFAS. TIME reports that Jack Wolfskin, Vaude Sport, and Haglofs have made significant progress in Europe. In the US, Patagonia aimed to eliminate PFS in its products by the end of 2024. Fjallraven is also phasing out PFAS. Other brands, like Columbia Sportswear Co., W.L. Gore & Associates, and Lululemon, are also transitioning.

Natural Approaches to Safer Outdoor Gear

You can maintain water resistance without harmful chemicals. Think about traditional materials. Cotton canvas, for example, is naturally durable and breathable. While it isn’t waterproof, it becomes surprisingly water-resistant when treated with natural waxes like beeswax or paraffin.

These products can handle little to moderate rain and are more sustainable and less toxic than their PFAS-treated counterparts. Natural rubber is another great alternative. You can also explore gear made from organic or recycled materials. Think organic cotton or fabrics made from recycled fishing lures or plastic containers.

Some companies have started using these materials for outdoor apparel, including camping tents, sleeping bags, and backpacks. Silicone-treated fabrics are another option. They offer water repellence without PFAS.

People Also Ask

Q1. How can I tell if my old hiking gear has PFAS?

Unfortunately, older gear often lacks clear labeling. If it’s heavily water-resistant and not made from natural materials like waxed cotton, it might contain PFAS. Contacting the manufacturer is your best bet for specific information. Consider replacing it with a newer, certified PFAS-free option.

Q2. How can I tell if my hiking gear is PFAS-free?

Look for clear product packaging labeling or online descriptions stating “PFAS-free.” Check third-party certifications like OEKO-TEK, Bluesign, and Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC). You can also visit trusted environmental databases for verification. Finally, research the manufacturer’s chemical policy.

Q3. Can washing my hiking clothes release PFAS into water systems?

Yes. Regular washing of PFAS-treated gear releases these chemicals into wastewater. These particles are too small for treatment plants to filter effectively. Consider using filtration washing bags designed to capture microfibers or washing less frequently to minimize environmental impact.

The evidence is clear: many hiking essentials contain chemicals that may harm your health and the environment. You can increase the demand for better products by choosing safer alternatives and supporting companies committed to removing PFAS.

Next time you shop for hiking gear, remember that true outdoor enjoyment includes protecting nature and yourself. With growing awareness and consumer pressure, the outdoor industry is slowly moving toward safer options. Until then, informed choices remain your best protection against unwanted chemical exposure on the trail.